Peer-reviewed Journal Articles

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• Zhu, A., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Q., Xu, J., Wang, K., & Pan, W*. (2026). Vision-encoder-integrated lifting tracker for cost-effective crane operations in modular construction. Automation in Construction, 192, Article 107262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2026.107262

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• Zhang, Y., Pan, M., Pan, W.* and Wu, J. (2026). Multi-level systematic key performance indicators for modular construction supply chain: the case of Hong Kong. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 33 (6): 4880–4903. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-12-2024-1711

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• Zhang, Y., Pan, M., Ji, C., & Pan, W*. (2026). Key influencing factors of the supply and demand of modular integrated construction for public housing developments in Hong Kong. Habitat International, 175, Article 103912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2026.103912

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• Tao, Y., Zhang, Y., Li, Y., Shi, J., & Pan, W*. (2026). An innovative composite module wall design for high-rise modular buildings. Structures (Oxford), 90, Article 112292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2026.112292

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• Wen, X., Pan, W., Teng, Y.*, Chan, WM., Xu, J. (2026).Reducing or transferring emissions? Quantifying city-scale embodied carbon flows and emission responsibility in the modular construction supply chain. Sustainable Cities and Society, 145, 107470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2026.107470

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• Duan, Y., Ping, T., Young, B., Chan, TM. and Pan, W.* (2026). Tensile behaviour of an innovative module-to-core wall connection for high-rise steel modular buildings. Thin-Walled Structures, 225, 114846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2026.114846

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• Duan, Y., Ping, T., Young, B. and Pan, W.* (2026). Shear behaviour of an innovative module-to-module connection for high-rise steel modular buildings. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 240, 110277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2026.110277

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• Kosajan, V., Pan, W.* and Zhang, Y. (2026). Reducing embodied carbon in steel modules through end-of-life circular economy systems. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 228, 108786. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2026.108786

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• Wu, Y., Li, Y., Zheng, Z. and Pan, W.* (2026). Assessing structural behavior of prefabricated volumetric building modules during transportation. Thin-Walled Structures, 218, 114165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2025.114165

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• Zhang, Y., Chen, S., Shi, J., Ping, T. and Pan, W.* (2026). Multi-level spatiotemporal embodied carbon analysis of high-rise buildings adopting steel modular method compared with conventional concrete construction in Hong Kong. Building and Environment, 287, 113756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113756

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• Wang, F., Zheng, Z., Wang, K., & Pan, W*. (2026). Multi-Camera Surround View Monitoring System for Oversized Semi-Trailer Trucks: Camera Placement Optimization and Dynamic Image Concatenation. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 27(7), 8327–8341. https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2026.3670210

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• Xu, J., Liu, X. and Pan, W.* (2025). Box-Loc: Box-aware module localization using point cloud and deep learning in modular integrated construction. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 70, 104100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2025.104100

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• Kosajan, V., Pan, W.* and Zhang, Y. (2025). Life cycle assessment of embodied carbon from buildings’ demolition waste management systems in Hong Kong. Journal of Cleaner Production, 536, 147141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.147141

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• Chen, S., Zhang, Y., Wang, Z., Shi, J., Leung CKY. and Pan, W.* (2025). Experimental study on a novel noncontact lap splice using grout-filled ducts for vertical wall connections in high-rise modular buildings. Journal of Building Engineering, 117, 114792. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114792

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• Liang, Y., Yu, C. and Pan, W.* (2025). Energy efficiency, renewables, and electrification contribute to decarbonising the operation of residential building stock in Hong Kong. Energy and Buildings, 349, 116520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116520

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• Duan, Y., Ping, T., Young, B. and Pan, W.* (2025). Behaviour of an innovative inter-module connection system for high-rise steel modular buildings. Engineering Structures, 343, 121209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.121209

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• Zhu, A., Zhang, Z. and Pan, W.* (2025). Heavy lifting localization system using sliding window filtering and sequential quadratic programming for safe modular integrated construction. Automation in Construction, 179, 106473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2025.106473

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• Zhu, J., Zhang, C., Yuan, J., Pan, W., Xue, J. and Lou, F. (2025). An Improved Model for Precast Component Transportation Scheduling under Dynamic Traffic and Weather Conditions. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 151(11), 04025181. https://doi.org/10.1061/JCEMD4.COENG-16804

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• Zhu, A., Zhang, Q., Zhang, Z. and Pan, W.* (2025). Ultra-wideband non-line-of-sight identification for heavy lifting localization in modular construction. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 68, 103724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2025.103724

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• Xu, J. and Pan, W.* (2025). Millimeter-level position control in modular construction using laser scanning and tolerance chain. Automation in Construction, 177, 106335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2025.106335

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• Wu, S., Teng, Y.*, Pan, W. and Zhao, X. (2025). Optimizing total factor carbon (TFC) of high-rise modular buildings. Building and Environment, 285, 113600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113600

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• Shi, F.W., Ding, Y., Zong, L.*, Pan, W. and Dong, S. (2025). In-plane behavior of discretely connected diaphragms in steel modular buildings. Thin-Walled Structures, 213, 113302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2025.113302

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• Zhang, Y., Pan, M., Pan, W. and Wu, J. (2025). Multi-level systematic key performance indicators for modular construction supply chain: the case of Hong Kong. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-12-2024-1711

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• Ping, T., Pan, W. and Zhang, Z. (2025). Developing a systematic performance measurement framework for benchmarking steel modular building construction. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 32(3), 1837-1856. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-04-2022-0377

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• Wang, Y. and Pan, W.* (2024). Assessing embodied carbon emissions from material consumption in Hong Kong’s building sector from 2012 to 2050 under uncertainty. Building and Environment, 267, 112137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112137

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• Wang, Y. and Pan, W.* (2024). Multi-sectoral efforts are required for decarbonising the building sector: a case in Hong Kong. npj Urban Sustainability, 4, 43. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42949-024-00180-x

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• Wang, Y. and Pan, W.* (2024). Evaluating the carbon emissions of Hong Kong's building sector from the life cycle perspective. Building and Environment, 265, 111975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.111975

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• Zhang, Y., Chen, S. and Pan, W.* (2024). Systematic initial embodied carbon assessment of concrete modular high-rise residential buildings: A case in Hong Kong. Building and Environment, 265, 111917. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.111917

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• Bai, Y., Yu, C. and Pan, W.* (2024). Systematic examination of energy performance gap in low-energy buildings. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 202, 114701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2024.114701

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• Xu, J. and Pan, W.* (2024). Deep learning-based object detection for dynamic construction site management. Automation in Construction, 165, 105494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2024.105494

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• Zhu, A., Zhang, Z. and Pan, W.* (2024). Developing a fast and accurate collision detection strategy for crane-lift path planning in high-rise modular integrated construction. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 61, 102509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2024.102509

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• Zhang, Y., Pan, W.*, Teng, Y. and Chen, S. (2024). Construction Waste Reduction in Buildings through Modular and Offsite Construction. Journal of Management in Engineering, 40, 04024026. https://doi.org/10.1061/JMENEA.MEENG-5828

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• Yu, C., Pan, W.* and Bai, Y. (2024). Sensitivities of energy use reduction in subtropical high-rise office buildings: a Hong Kong case. Energy and Buildings, 311, 114117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114117

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• Zhang, Y., Pan, M., Pan, W.*, Yang, Y. and Wu, J. (2024) Enhancing Modular Construction Supply Chain: Drivers, Opportunities, Constraints, Concerns, Strategies, and Measures. Developments in the Built Environment, 18, 100408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dibe.2024.100408

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• Duan, Y., Pan, W.*, Ping, T. Mou, B. and Young, B. (2024). Effects of module-to-module connection rotational stiffness on the structural performance of high-rise steel modular buildings. Journal of Building Engineering, 82, 108187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2023.108187

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• Zhan, W., Pan, W.*, Law, W. and Shen, H. (2024). Stakeholders’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Intentions of Adopting Modular Integrated Construction for Sustainable Development in Hong Kong. Journal of Management in Engineering, 40, 04023070. https://doi.org/10.1061/JMENEA.MEENG-5642

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• Ping, T., Pan, W. and Zhang, Z. (2023). Developing a systematic performance measurement framework for benchmarking steel modular building construction. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-04-2022-0377

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• Xu, J., Zhang, Q., Teng, Y. and Pan, W. (2023). Integrating IoT and BIM for tracking and visualising embodied carbon of prefabricated buildings. Building and Environment, 110492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110492

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• Zhu, A., Zhang, Z., and Pan, W. (2023). Technologies, levels and directions of crane-lift automation in construction. Automation in Construction, 153, 104960.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2023.104960

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• Pan, W., Parker, D., and Pan, M. (2023). Problematic Interfaces and Prevention Strategies in Modular Construction. Journal of Management in Engineering, 39(2), 05023001.  https://doi.org/10.1061/JMENEA.MEENG-5083

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• Pan, W., and Wang, Z. (2023). Precast concrete coupled shear wall system of modular high-rises without in situ cores. Structural Engineering International, 33(1), 128-140.  https://doi.org/10.1080/10168664.2021.2004974

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• Pan, W., Yang, Y., and Pan, M. (2023). Implementing modular integrated construction in high-rise high-density cities: perspectives in Hong Kong. Building Research Information Fusion, 51(3), 354-368.  https://doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2022.2113024

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• Wu, C., Liu, L., Mou, B., Pan, W., and Liu, J. (2023). Experimental and theoretical study on seismic behavior of connection between prefabricated steel-reinforced concrete column and base. Engineering Structures, 274, 115169.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.115169

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• Zhang, Z., Wong, M. O., and Pan, W. (2023). Virtual reality enhanced multi-role collaboration in crane-lift training for modular construction. Automation in Construction, 150, 104848.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2023.104848

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• Zheng, Z., Pan, M., Yang, Y., and Pan, W. (2023). Motion planning for efficient and safe module transportation in modular integrated construction. Computer‐Aided Civil Infrastructure Engineering, 38(5), 580-600.  https://doi.org/10.1111/mice.12835

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• Jiang, Y., Li, M., Li, M., Liu, X., Zhong, R. Y., Pan, W., and Huang, G. Q. (2022). Digital twin-enabled real-time synchronization for planning, scheduling, and execution in precast on-site assembly. Automation in Construction, 141, 104397.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104397

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• Pan, M., Yang, Y., Zheng, Z., and Pan, W. (2022). Artificial intelligence and robotics for prefabricated and modular construction: a systematic literature review. Journal of Construction Engineering Management, 148(9), 03122004.  https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0002324

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• Pan, W., Wang, Z., and Zhang, Y. (2022). Novel discrete diaphragm system of concrete high-rise modular buildings. Journal of Building Engineering, 51, 104342.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104342

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• Pan, W., and Zhang, Z. (2022). Evaluating Modular Healthcare Facilities for COVID-19 Emergency Response—A Case of Hong Kong. Buildings, 12(9), 1430.  https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091430

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• Shan, S., and Pan, W. (2022). Collapse mechanisms of multi-story steel-framed modular structures under fire scenarios. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 196, 107419.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2022.107419

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• Yang, Y., Pan, M., and Pan, W. (2022). Integrated offsite logistics scheduling approach for high-rise modular building projects. Journal of Construction Engineering Management, 148(6), 04022032.  https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0002280

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• Zhang, Z., Pan, W., and Pan, M. (2022). Critical considerations on tower crane layout planning for high-rise modular integrated construction. Engineering, Construction Architectural Management, 29(7), 2615-2634.  https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-03-2021-0192

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• Zhu, A., and Pan, W. (2022). An innovative crane-lift path planning system for high-rise modular integrated construction. Construction Robotics, 6(2), 133-150.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s41693-022-00074-3

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• Zhu, A., Zhang, Z., and Pan, W. (2022). Crane-lift path planning for high-rise modular integrated construction through metaheuristic optimization and virtual prototyping. Automation in Construction, 141, 104434.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104434

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• Pan, W., and Pan, M. (2022). Rethinking lean synergistically in practice for construction industry improvements. Engineering Construction and Architectural Management. http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-04-2021-0346

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• Zheng, Z. J., Pan, M., Yang, Y., and Pan, W. (2022). Motion planning for efficient and safe module transportation in modular integrated construction. Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering. http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/mice.12835

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• Zhang, Z., Pan, W., and Xie, M. (2021). A Systematic Framework of KPIs for Measuring High-Rise Modular Integrated Construction. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering Sustainability, 1-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jensu.21.00048

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• Pan, W., Wang, Z., and Zhang, Y. (2021). Module equivalent frame method for structural design of concrete high-rise modular buildings. Journal of Building Engineering, 44. http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.103214

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• Pan, W., and Wang, Z. (2022). Precast Concrete Coupled Shear Wall System of Modular High-rises Without In Situ Cores. Structural Engineering International. http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10168664.2021.2004974

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• Wang, R. D., Zayed, T., Pan, W., Zheng, S. N., and Tariq, S. (2021). A system boundary-based critical review on crane selection in building construction. Automation in Construction, 123. http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2020.103520

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• Mou, B., Li, Y. Z., Wang, F. Y., Pan, W., and Zhao, Y. (2021). Flexural behavior of a novel high-strength RCFST column-to-column connection. Thin-Walled Structures, 159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2020.107274

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• Mou, B., Zhao, F., Wang, F. Y., and Pan, W. (2021). Effect of reinforced concrete slab on the flexural behavior of composite beam to column joints: Parameter study and evaluation formulae. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2020.106425

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• Pan, W., and Pan, M. (2021). Drivers, barriers and strategies for zero carbon buildings in high-rise high-density cities. Energy and Buildings, 242. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.110970

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• Pan, W., Wang, Z., and Zhang, Y. (2021). Module equivalent frame method for structural design of concrete high-rise modular buildings. Journal of Building Engineering, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.103214

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• Wang, Z., Pan, W., and Zhang, Y. (2021). Parametric study on module wall-core system of concrete modular high-rises considering the influence of vertical inter-module connections. Engineering Structures, 241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.112436

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• Yang, Y., Pan, M., Pan, W., and Zhang, Z. Q. (2021). Sources of Uncertainties in Offsite Logistics of Modular Construction for High-Rise Building Projects. Journal of Management in Engineering, 37(3). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000905

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• Zhang, Z. Q., and Pan, W. (2021). Multi-criteria decision analysis for tower crane layout planning in high-rise modular integrated construction. Automation in Construction, 127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2021.103709

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• Zhang, Z. Q., and Pan, W. (2021). Virtual reality supported interactive tower crane layout planning for high-rise modular integrated construction. Automation in Construction, 130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2021.103854

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• Zhang, Z. Q., Pan, W., and Pan, M. (2021). Critical considerations on tower crane layout planning for high-rise modular integrated construction. Engineering Construction and Architectural Management. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/Ecam-03-2021-0192

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• Pan, W., Zhang, Z., and Yang, Y. (2020). Briefing: Bringing clarity and new understanding of smart and modular integrated construction. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Smart Infrastructure and Construction, 173(1), 175-179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jsmic.21.00002

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• Zheng, Z., Zhang, Z., and Pan, W. (2020). Virtual prototyping-and transfer learning-enabled module detection for modular integrated construction. Automation in Construction, 120, 103387.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2020.103387

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• Zhang, Z., Pan, W., and Zheng, Z. (2020). Fighting Covid-19 through fast delivery of a modular quarantine camp with smart construction. In Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Civil Engineering (pp. 1-8).  https://doi.org/10.1680/jcien.20.00025

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• Yang, Y.*, Pan, M., Pan, W. and Zhang, Z.Q (2020) Sources of Uncertainty in offsite logistics of modular construction in high-rise high-density cities. Journal of Management in Engineering. In Press.

 

• Shan, S. and Pan, W.* (2020) Structural design of high-rise buildings using steel-framed modules: A case study in Hong Kong. The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings,29(15), e1788. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.1788

   

• Yang, Y.* and Pan, W. (2020) Automated Guided Vehicles in Modular Integrated Construction: Potentials and Future Directions. Construction Innovation: Information, Process, Management, 21(1), 85-104. https://doi.org/10.1108/CI-07-2019-0073

 

• Zhang, Z. and Pan, W.* (2020) Lift Planning and Optimization in Construction: A Thirty-Year Review. Automation in Construction, 118, 103271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2020.103271

 

• Wang, Z., Pan, W.* and Zhang, Z. (2020) High-rise modular buildings with innovative precast concrete shear walls as a lateral force resisting system. Structures, 26, 39-53.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2020.04.006

 

• Wang, Z. and Pan, W.* (2020) A hybrid coupled wall system with replaceable steel coupling beams for high-rise modular buildings. Journal of Building Engineering, 31, 101355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101355

 

• Shafiee, S., Piroozfar, P., Hvam, L., Huang, G.Q., Pan, W., Kudsk, A., Rasmussen, J.B. and Korell, M. (2020) Modularisation Strategies in the AEC Industry: A Comparative Analysis. Architectural Engineering and Design Management, 16(4), 270-292. https://doi.org/10.1080/17452007.2020.1735291

 

• Yang, Yi., Pan, M. and Pan, W. (2019) ‘Co-evolution through interaction’ of innovative building technologies: The case of modular integrated construction and robotics. Automation in Construction, 107, 102932. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2019.102932

 

• Teng, Y. and Pan, W.* (2019) Systematic embodied carbon assessment and reduction of prefabricated high-rise public residential buildings in Hong Kong. Journal of Cleaner Production, 238, 117791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.117791

 

• Zhang, Z. and Pan, W. (2019) Virtual Reality (VR) Supported Lift Planning for Modular Integrated Construction (MiC) of High-rise Buildings. Journal of HKIE Transactions, 26(3), 136-143. https://doi.org/10.33430/V26N3THIE-2019-0015

 

• Shan, S., Looi, D.T.W., Cai, Y., Ma, P., Chen, M., Su, K.L., Young, B. and Pan, W.* (2019) Engineering modular integrated construction systems for high-rise building: A Hong Kong case study. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Civil Engineering, 172 (6), 51-57, https://doi.org/10.1680/jcien.18.00052

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• Pan, W. and Hon, C.K. (2018) Modular Integrated Construction for High-rise Buildings. Proceedings of The Institute of Civil Engineers – Municipal Engineer, https://doi.org/10.1680/jmuen.18.00028

 

• Pan, W., Su, R., Cai, Y. and Young, B. (2018) Engineering modular systems for high-rise buildings: an update. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Civil Engineering, 171(4), 148-148. https://doi.org/10.1680/jcien.2018.171.4.148

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• Mao, C., Shen, Q., Pan, W. and Ye, K. (2013) Major Barriers to Off-site Construction: The Developers’ Perspective in China. ASCE Journal of Management in Engineering, 31(3), 04014043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000246

 

• ​Pan, W., Gibb, A.G.F. and Dainty, A.R.J. (2012) Strategies for Integrating the Use of Off-site Production Technologies in House Building. ASCE Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 138(11), 1331-1340. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000544

 

• ​​Pan, W. and Goodier, C. (2012) House-Building Business Models and Off-Site Construction Take-Up. ASCE Journal of Architectural Engineering, 18(2), 84-93. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)AE.1943-5568.0000058

 

• Goodier, C. and Pan, W. (2012) Future Trends in UK Housebuilding, Proceedings of the ICE - Municipal Engineer, 165(2), 65-67.https://doi.org/10.1680/muen.11.00001

 

• Pan, W. and Sidwell, R. (2011) Demystifying the Cost Barriers to Offsite Construction in the UK. Construction Management and Economics, 29(11), 1081-1099. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2011.637938

 

• ​​Pan, W. (2010) Strategies for Managing Innovation in UK Housebuilding. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 17(1), 78-88.https://doi.org/10.1108/09699981011011339

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• Pan, W., Gibb, A.G.F. and Dainty, A.R.J. (2008) Leading UK housebuilders’ utilization of offsite construction methods. Building Research & Information, 36(1), 56-67. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613210701204013

 

• Pan, W., Gibb, A.G.F. and Dainty, A.R.J. (2008) A decision support matrix for build system selection in housing construction, International Journal for Housing Science and Its Applications, 32(1), 61-79. http://www.housingscience.org/html/publications/pdf/32-1-6.pdf

 

• Pan, W., Gibb, A.G.F. and Sellars, A.B. (2008) Maintenance cost implications of utilising bathroom modules manufactured offsite. Construction Management and Economics, 26(1), 1067-1077. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446190802422161

 

• Pan, W., Gibb, A.G.F. and Dainty, A.R.J. (2007) Perspectives of UK housebuilders on the use of offsite modern methods of construction. Construction Management and Economics, 25(2), 183-194. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446190600827058

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• Pan, W., Gibb, A.G.F. and Dainty, A.R.J. (2005) House Proud: Practices and strategies of leading UK housebuilders on Offsite-MMC. Offsite Construction Magazine, Winter, pp. 20-22. https://www.researchgate.net